History of Internet network

Internet conceived in the 1970s. During 1970s the highest military authority made up its mind to know how American powers could communicate after nuclear war. They have to start from any network with a central control panel. The solution was a network, which was always considered to be reliable. Every unit in network will be a supercomputer. All units will be considered equal by state of origin, receiving and  sending of messages. Messages itself will be divided into packages, sent separately.
 Every package will start from a definite unit and will be sent according to a given direction. Every package in every message will pass independent way inside a network and at the final point message will be accumulated in a ready form. Communicational standard stimulated development of TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol – protocol of information transmission management which turns messages into streams of packages, and Internet Protocol - Internet Protocol which groups message again at the final point of destination). 
The first test network for connection of RAND, MIT and UCLA was created basing on this simple principle. The sponsor of this project was Pentagon and by 1969 in a network further called ARPANET had been four units. The network quickly developed and by 1972 it had already contained 32 units. People used it for net working on computers but its main function was message exchange at team-work over research projects. Soon news  began to appear one by one. As computers became more available, they were connected with growing network. Units in a network were divided into 6 domains:  gov, com, edu, org, mil and net to classify organizations, owning these units. 
By the beginning of the 1980s new types of files in Internet had appeared – they were multimedia files, containing not only pictures and sounds but also hyper references which gave users an opportunity to move within file in an unlinear way. In 1989 European project created standards for this new kind of information. The standard for hyper text files creation was called HTML: Hyper Text Markup Language. The protocol, which had to serve this files now is known as HTTP: Hyper Text Transfer Protocol.
These two components compile base of today’s Internet browsers. Sowtfare, used for loading and demonstration of multimedia files on computer is called browser. Mosaic - the first browser capable to work with HTML-files, was created in   University of Illinois in 1993 by Marc Andreesen. It gave life to many browsers including Netscape Navigator, Internet Explorer from Microsoft, web Explorer from IBM, Netcom's Netcruiser, Lynx, Cello and others. Browsers support many platforms including MS Windows, Macintosh OS, OS/2 and Unix working on a different computer equipment.
Multimedia files, loaded by browsers are divided into parts called pages; every page has hyper references to another pages. Due to page by page transmission user can flexibly shift over information in a way he needs what saves time and provides more effective Network using. Many pages connected by hyper references in Internet are usually called World Wide Web or WWW.
UNIX, developed by Bell Labs from AT&T in 1969 is an operational system for middle-size or big Internet host-computers. Nowadays it is one of the most multilateral and popular operational Internet systems. Today there exist a lot of operational systems but many of them work with only one or two configurations of computer equipment and they are not easily adjusted to changeable people’s needs.

Besides, UNIX is the only operational system which overcomes these limits and provides powerful, flexible and elastic platform which may grow and change together with needs of user. LINUX, a free of charge version of UNIX, is quickly turning into its dominating version for computers working on microprocessors of worldwide known corporation "Intel".
At present time Internet is a multifunctional system, the main functions of which are social, informational and economical. Social function leads to creation of new forms of communicational behaviour in an environment where horizontal connections are dominating and where do not exist territorial, hierarchial and time limits, informational function  provides storage, mechanisms of searching and access to information possessed, economical function is directed on commercial profit obtaining and on further stimulation of global informational infrastructure development.


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